In order to achieve this ideal, many young ladies used a backboard.
#ALTERNATIVE TO ETCHER FOR MAC MANUALS#
As the manuals of the time noted, a well-bred young lady should move with âgrace and ease’, appearing the epitome of elegance even when walking from one room to the next or heading to the market in the morning. While sitting up straight and walking tall was expected of gentlemen too, this was especially important for women. This meant keeping your back straight at all times. And, while some rules were very complex, and indeed sometimes contradictory, when it came to sitting and walking, it was quite straightforward: keep it elegant, refined and, above all, keep it âladylike’.Ībove all, the Regency era was obsessed with correct posture. Indeed, there was nothing you could do that wouldn’t be judged by the rest of polite society. In the many etiquette manuals of the time, whole sections were often devoted to how a lady should move – or even how they should stay still. So, here are ten of the rules a lady in Regency England needed to follow if she wanted to maintain a good reputation among her peers: Being a lady in the Regency period was a complex business, with many rules to follow. And, thankfully for the historian, some of the many etiquette guides published between 18 still exist today, allowing us a glimpse into this fascinating period. Since a Regency-era lady’s reputation could determine her future – including her chances of a good marriage – most were careful to keep up-to-date with the latest thoughts of proper etiquette. Indeed, there were rules for almost everything, from walking down the street to eating and dancing, and failure to stay within the lines of decency could stain a lady’s character for good. However, it was the ladies who had the most rules to follow. For their part, gentlemen were expected to behave in a chivalrous but aloof, even cold, manner.
#ALTERNATIVE TO ETCHER FOR MAC MOVIE#
Instead, a lady’s reputation was based largely upon how she behaved herself, both in public as well as in the privacy of her own home.Īs anyone who has ever read a Jane Austen novel (or watched a TV or movie adaptation of one) knows, there were strict rules to follow when it came to matters of etiquette and decorum. However, even wealth and social standing were no guarantees that a lady would enjoy a fine reputation. Of course, ladies of the upper and upper-middle classes didn’t have to worry about ending up in the poorhouse or struggling to feed their children. Indeed, being a woman in these times was far from easy. Femtosecond laser without acid seems to be the most suitable method to improve bond strengths at the bracket/enamel interface, thus avoiding the disadvantages inherent to acid etching.“A woman’s reputation is as brittle as it is beautiful,” notes Elizabeth Bennett in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, a classic of Regency-era England. When phosphoric acid was not applied, the SBS values of the femtosecond laser group were significantly higher than for the other groups. After acid etching, SBS values did not differ regardless the laser treatment. ANOVA, post-hoc tests for intergroup comparisons, chi-square test and linear regression were run for data analyses (α = 0.05). Cement residuals remaining on the premolar surfaces were assessed using the adhesive remnant index. Representative specimens from each experimental subgroup were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy. After 72 h, a SBS test was developed in a universal testing machine (crosshead speed, 0.5 mm/min). Brackets were randomly luted with Transbond(TM) XT adhesive resin. Each group was divided into two subgroups according to whether 37%-orthophosphoric acid etching was made after laser irradiation or not. Three groups (n = 20) of extracted premolar teeth were randomly established depending on the laser treatment performed on the buccal surfaces: (1) no laser (control) (2) Er:YAG laser (2,940 nm, 0.8 W, 100 μs/pulse, 10 Hz) and (3) Ti:Sapphire laser (795 nm, 1 W, 120 fs/pulse, 1 kHz).
This study aims to evaluate the effect of laser irradiation and orthophosphoric acid etching on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to enamel.
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